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1.
Rev. odontol. UNESP (Online) ; 43(3): 180-184, May-Jun/2014. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-710393

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of the pH of drinking water in the oral changes caused by cadmium poisoning. Material and method: Ninety male Wister rats were divided into the following six groups: A - 15 rats were given cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0); B - 15 rats received cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); C - 15 rats were treated with a cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a basic pH (pH 8.0); D - 15 rats received drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); E - 15 rats were given drinking water with a basic pH (pH 8.0); F - 15 rats received water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0). All animals were sacrificed six months after the beginning of the experiment. A biopsy of the buccal mucosa, tongue and salivary gland of each animal was taken for microscopic analysis. Result: No changes were observed in the buccal mucosa, tongue mucosa or salivary glands in any of the groups. Conclusion: Drinking water that contains a high concentration of cadmium with differing pH levels demonstrated no damage to the oral mucosa and salivary glands of male Wistar rats. .


Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do pH da água de beber nas alterações bucais provocadas pela intoxicação por cádmio. Material e método: Foram utilizados 90 ratos Wistar, adultos, machos, divididos em 6 grupos: A - 15 ratos que receberam solução de cloreto de cádmio (400 mg/L) na água de beber com pH neutro (pH 7,0); B -15 ratos que receberam solução de cloreto de cádmio (400 mg/L) na água com pH ácido (pH 5,0); C - 15 ratos, os quais receberam solução de cloreto de cádmio (400mg/L) na água com pH básico (pH 8,0). D - 15 ratos que receberam água com pH ácido (pH 5,0); E - 15 ratos que receberam água com pH básico (pH 8,0); F -15 ratos que receberam água com pH neutro (pH 7,0). Todos os animais foram eutanasiados 6 meses após o início do experimento. Foram retirados fragmentos da mucosa jugal, língua e glândula salivar de cada animal para análise microscópica. Resultado: Não foram observadas alterações na mucosa jugal, mucosa da língua ou nas glândulas salivares em nenhum dos grupos avaliados. Conclusão: Mesmo em alta concentração o cádmio adicionado à água de beber não mostrou causar dano a mucosa bucal ou às glândulas salivares, independente do pH da água. .


Subject(s)
Rats , Poisoning , Cadmium , Mouth Neoplasms , Statistics, Nonparametric , Environmental Exposure , Salivary Glands , Water , Acidification , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
2.
Braz. oral res ; 27(1): 31-36, Jan.-Feb. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-660448

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of methyl methacrylate (MMA) vapor by simulating standard occupational exposure of 8 hours per day and using the micronucleus test. We used 32 adult male Wistar rats divided into three groups: A - 16 rats exposed to MMA for 8 hours a day, B - Eight rats receiving single subcutaneous doses of cyclophosphamide on the first day of the experiment (positive control), C - Eight rats receiving only water and food ad libitum (negative control). Eight rats from group A and all of the rats from groups B and C were sacrificed 24 hours after beginning the experiment (acute exposure in group A). The remaining animals in group A were sacrificed 5 days after the experiment began (repeated exposure assessment in group A, simulating occupational exposure 40 hours/week). Femoral bone marrow was collected from each rat at the time of sacrifice for use in the micronucleus test. Two slides were completed per animal and were stained with Giemsa staining. Two thousand polychromatic erythrocytes were counted per animal. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a multiple comparisons test (Dunn test) was used for statistical analysis. The median number of micronuclei was 7.00 in the group exposed to MMA for 1 day, 2.00 in the group exposed to MMA for 5 days, 9.00 in the group exposed to cyclophosphamide (positive control) and 0.756 in the negative control group (p < 0.0001). MMA was genotoxic when measured after 1 day of exposure but was not evidently genotoxic after 5 days.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dental Cements/toxicity , Methylmethacrylate/toxicity , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Dental Materials/toxicity , Erythrocytes/drug effects , Femur/drug effects , Gases/toxicity , Micronucleus Tests , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
3.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 65(1): 66-70, jan.-fev. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-590237

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de Odontologia, Cirurgiões-Dentistas e população leiga sobre o câncer bucal. Material e métodos: Os entrevistados foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1: composto por 40 Cirurgiões-Dentistas e 40 alunos do último semestre do Curso de Odontologia; e Grupo 2: composto por 300 pessoas acima de 40 anos de ambos os sexos, com diferentes graus de instrução. Foram utilizados dois questionários, um para população leiga e outro para estudantes e profissionais de Odontologia, sobre o conhecimento acerca de fatores de risco e prevenção do câncer de boca. Resultados: 91,8% dos profissionais e acadêmicos de Odontologia responderam corretamente quais os fatores de risco para o câncer bucal, porém apenas 61 % responderam corretamente quais são as lesões cancerizáveis. Entre os profissionais e acadêmicos de Odontologia, 42% receberam informação sobre o câncer bucal na faculdade; 35,5% da população leiga não tinha informação sobre o câncer de boca, e aqueles que tinham recebido informações, a maioria (19,7%) foi de seu Cirurgião-Dentista particular; 43,5% dos entrevistados não conheciam o autoexame de boca; e apenas 6,3% dos que conhecem, o realizavam regularmente e a principal queixa que leva a população ao serviço odonto- lógico é dor de dente (25,2%). Conclusão: A população não está bem informada sobre o câncer de boca. Acadêmicos e profissionais de Odontologia não apresentam conhecimentos ideais para difundir prevenção e diagnóstico precoce do câncer de boca.


Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of dental students, dentists and the lay population about oral cancer. Methods: The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1: composed of 40 dentists and 40 students from last semester of the School of Dentistry and Group 2: composed of 300 people over 40 years of both sexes, with different educational levels. We used two questionnaires, one for lay people and one for students and dental professionals on knowledge about risk factors and prevention of oral cancer. Results: 91.8% of professionals and dental students answered correctly what the risk factors for oral cancer, but only 61% answered correctly what are the high-risk injuries to evolve to cancer. Between dentists and dental students 42% received information about oral cancer in college. Regarding the lay population, 35.5% had no information on oral cancer, and those who had already received information, most (19.7%) received from their private dentist. 43.5% of respondents were unfamiliar with the self examination of mouth, only 6.3% said that do it regularly and the main complaint that leads people to seek dental services is toothache (25.2%). Conclusion: The population is not well informed about oral cancer. Academics and dental professionals still do not have expertise to share the ideal means of prevention and early detection of oral cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Knowledge , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Population , Education, Professional, Retraining/methods
4.
An. bras. dermatol ; 85(6): 811-818, nov.-dez. 2010. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-573619

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS: A letalidade dos carcinomas espinocelulares (CECs) de pele é considerada baixa. Os CECs de boca têm prognóstico ruim. Evidências atuais sugerem que os mastócitos, residentes no tecido normal, contribuem para a tumorigênese dos CECs, provavelmente por promoverem angiogênese. OBJETIVO: Comparar a concentração de mastócitos em CECs da pele e da boca e avaliar se há correlação com o grau de diferenciação desses tumores. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 30 casos de CEC de pele e 34 casos de CEC de boca. A coloração de azul de toluidina, para evidenciar os mastócitos, foi realizada nos blocos com a área central da neoplasia. RESULTADOS: Apenas um caso de CEC de pele apresentou concentração de mastócitos de 0-10 e nenhum caso de CEC de boca apresentou concentração maior que 201 mastócitos no tumor. A maioria dos CECs de boca tem concentração de mastócitos entre 0 e 10 (47 por cento - n = 16); 80 por cento dos CECs de pele têm concentração acima de 51 mastócitos. Todos os casos de CEC de boca com concentração entre 100 e 200 mastócitos e 80 por cento daqueles com concentração entre 51 e 99 eram de lábio. A concentração de mastócitos não está relacionada ao grau de diferenciação do tumor. CONCLUSÃO: A concentração de mastócitos é menor nos CECs de boca, exceto nos de lábio, podendo refletir uma menor necessidade de ativação de células do microambiente para melhorar a vascularização nos cânceres de boca.


BACKGROUND: The lethality of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin is considered low. SCC in the mouth is usually associated with poor prognosis. Current evidence suggests that mast cells in the normal tissue contribute to the tumorigenesis of SCC, probably by promoting angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of mast cells in SCC of the mouth and skin and evaluate whether there is a correlation with the degree of differentiation of these tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty cases of SCC of the skin and 34 of the mouth were investigated. Toluidine blue staining was used to identify mast cells in blocks containing the central portion of the neoplasm. RESULTS: A concentration of between 0 and 10 mast cells was found in one single case of SCC of the skin and there were no cases of SCC of the mouth with concentrations of mast cells in the tumor >201. In the majority of cases of SCC of the mouth (47 percent; n=16), mast cell concentration was between 0 and 10, with a concentration >51 mast cells in 80 percent of cases of SCC of the skin. All the cases of SCC of the mouth with a concentration of mast cells between 100 and 200 and 80 percent of those with a concentration of 51-99 were located on the lip. The concentration of mast cells was unrelated to the degree of differentiation of the tumor. CONCLUSION: The concentration of mast cells is lower in SCC of the mouth except when the tumor is located on the lip. This may reflect a lower need for cell activation in the microenvironment to improve vascularization in oral cancer.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Mast Cells/pathology , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Mouth/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Count/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies
5.
J. appl. oral sci ; 18(1): 100-104, Jan.-Feb. 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545033

ABSTRACT

Little attention has been paid to the toxicity of silver amalgam fillings, which have been used over the centuries in Dentistry. Amalgam particles may accidentally and/or traumatically be embedded into the submucosal tissue during placement of a restoration and perpetuate in such area. This article presents a case of amalgam tattoo and investigates whether it is related to the patient's repeated episodes of sinusitis. The patient was a 46-year-old woman with a 2 mm diameter radiopaque lesion in the right oral mucosa detected on a panoramic radiograph and presented as a black macula clinically. A complete surgical resection was carried out. The histopathological examination revealed deposits of dark-brownish pigments lining the submucosal tissue with adjacent lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate and multinucleated giant cells phagocyting pigments. There was a negative staining for both iron and melanin. One year after lesion removal, the patient reported that the sinusitis crises had ceased after repeated episodes for years. It may be speculated that the inflammatory process related to amalgam tattoo seems to lead to a local immune response that causes sinusitis because it enhances the human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) tissue expression.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Dental Amalgam/adverse effects , Mouth Diseases/complications , Pigmentation Disorders/complications , Sinusitis/etiology , Chronic Disease , Foreign Bodies/complications , Foreign Bodies/pathology , Giant Cells/pathology , HLA-DR Antigens/analysis , Lymphocytes/pathology , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Phagocytosis/physiology , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis
6.
Braz. oral res ; 19(3): 223-227, July-Sept. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417438

ABSTRACT

O metil metacrilato (MMA) é um monômero que se polimeriza em resina pela ação da luz e do calor, transformando-se em plástico claro, resistente e durável, relativamente inerte. Por apresentar tais características, o MMA tem sido muito usado na Medicina, como cimento ósseo, e na Odontologia, em aparelhos e próteses dentais, o que tem suscitado interesse na avaliação de sua toxicidade. Estudos experimentais e clínicos têm mostrado que os monômeros podem causar uma gama de efeitos adversos. A principal via de exposição ocupacional ao MMA é a inalatória. Este trabalho visa a avaliar a ação tóxica do MMA sobre o epitélio traqueal em relação ao tempo de exposição. Para isso, dois grupos experimentais de ratos foram expostos ao MMA por inalação, com restrição de ventilação: um grupo (n = 36) foi exposto continuamente, e outro (n = 36) foi exposto durante oito horas diárias, sem água e comida durante o período de exposição. Um grupo controle (n = 8) recebeu ar normal. Doze animais de cada grupo de estudo foram sacrificados com 5, 8 e 10 dias de exposição, junto com dois ou quatro animais do grupo controle. Vinte e nove (80,5%) dos ratos expostos continuamente ao MMA apresentaram inflamação do epitélio traqueal, assim como 58,33% (n = 21) daqueles expostos 8 horas/dia e 87,5% (n = 7) dos controles. Não se observou associação entre o processo inflamatório e a exposição ao MMA, nem alterações significativas na medida da espessura do epitélio traqueal. Novos estudos, com tempo mais prolongado de exposição e análise de outros parâmetros, devem ser realizados para que seja excluída, totalmente, a possibilidade de dano traqueal por vapores de MMA.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Female , Dental Materials/toxicity , Epithelium/drug effects , Methylmethacrylate/toxicity , Trachea/drug effects , Administration, Inhalation , Dental Prosthesis , Epithelium/pathology , Gases/toxicity , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , Trachea/pathology
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